Typical Chords in Typical Song Sections: How Harmony and Form Interact in
Pop/Rock Music
In modern analyses of pop/rock music, a song is
parsed into a succession of section categories drawn from a limited set of
standard labels, e.g., verse, chorus, and bridge. Despite the common
currency of these labels, scholars to date have provided only very general, if
not conflicting, theories as to what sort of musical parameters engender or
correlate with our perception of these categories. For example,
Everett (2001) states that verse and chorus sections nearly always prolong the
tonic, while Endrinal (2008) and Stephan-Robinson (2009) associate an
emphasis on tonic more strongly with chorus than verse sections. Furthermore
the supporting evidence for such statements has been limited mostly to a few
exemplars rather than any large body of data. One notable exception
is Summach (2012), who provides statistics on tonal closure in various section
types.
This paper continues the investigation of how harmonic traits align with
typical section categories using an empirical approach. In this study, I
examine the interaction of form and harmony in rock music within a corpus
of 200 rock songs, drawn from Rolling Stone magazine’s list of the
“greatest songs of all time”. Each song was encoded by two separate
musicians, so first I appraise the extent of subjectivity for this type
of formal analysis in general. I then present statistics on chord
quality, chord inversion, and root distribution for individual
song sections, which I compare to the global data as reported in my
corpus study of rock harmony with Temperley (2011). Other results include
information on chord durations and chord transitions, both for the corpus as a
whole and for individual section types. It is shown that individual
section types display significant harmonic differences from rock harmony
overall, and these differences may help us understand our perception of
form in this style.
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