What you hear and what you
get. Manual transcription and melodic analysis through ‘Praat’
In the field of ethnomusicology,
musical transcription has been for a long time a central and problematic issue
(see for example, among many others, Bartók, 1977 ed. it.; Carpitella, 1973;
Stockmann, 1989; Macchiarella, 2000; Nettl, 2005; Baumann & Stock, 2005).
Problems regarding scales, intervals, rhythms, timbric ‘anomalies’ etc. make
the usual Western way of writing music not completely suitable, effective and
affordable in the case of music based on different codes. For this reason,
musical transcriptions on the score must sometimes be considered with suspicion
and caution. The digital era offers analytical instruments which may serve to
solve at least some of the problems related to the use of the score as a method
for visualizing music melodies. Furthermore, these instruments
allow analyses which were virtually impossible for most ethnomusicologists
until a few decades ago. ‘Praat’,
a well-known software developed by Paul Boersma and David Weenink and designed
for phonetic studies (Boersma & Weenink, 2014), may also be helpful in
analyses concerning the singing voice. In particular, I will discuss and show
in a practical way how melodic lines can be interpreted by a (human)
transcriber and analysed through F0 profiles and how the two representations
may interact and may be compared for further and more thorough analytic
investigations. In conclusion, I will show that software analysis of sung lines
allows not only a particular visual representation of the melodic line, but
provides means to different analytical steps which may result in a more
comprehensive view of the specific qualities of the singing voices.
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